List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XII. Surface anatomy and Surface Markings

Contents 1 Surface anatomy of the head and neck (Gray's s279) 1.1 Gray's page #1287 1.2 Gray's page #1288 1.3 Gray's page #1289 1.4 Gray's page #1290 2 Surface markings of special regions of the head and neck (Gray's s280) 2.1 Gray's page #1291 2.2 Gray's page #1292 2.3 Gray's page #1293 2.4 Gray's page #1294 2.5 Gray's page #1295 2.6 Gray's page #1296 2.7 Gray's page #1297 2.8 Gray's page #1298 2.9 Gray's page #1299 2.10 Gray's page #1300 2.11 Gray's page #1301 2.12 Gray's page #1302 3 Surface anatomy of the back (Gray's s281) 3.1 Gray's page #1303 4 Surface markings of the back (Gray's s282) 4.1 Gray's page #1305 4.2 Gray's page #1306 5 Surface anatomy of the thorax (Gray's s283) 5.1 Gray's page #1307 6 Surface markings of the thorax (Gray's s284) 6.1 Gray's page #1308 6.2 Gray's page #1309 6.3 Gray's page #1310 6.4 Gray's page #1311 6.5 Gray's page #1312 7 Surface anatomy of the abdomen (Gray's s285) 7.1 Gray's page #1313 7.2 Gray's page #1314 7.3 Gray's page #1315 8 Surface markings of the abdomen (Gray's s286) 8.1 Gray's page #1315 8.2 Gray's page #1316 8.3 Gray's page #1317 8.4 Gray's page #1319 8.5 Gray's page #1320 8.6 Gray's page #1321 8.7 Gray's page #1322 9 Surface anatomy of the perineum (Gray's s287) 10 Surface markings of the perineum (Gray's s288) 10.1 Gray's page #1322 10.2 Gray's page #1323 10.3 Gray's page #1325 11 Surface anatomy of the upper extremity (Gray's s289) 11.1 Gray's page #1325 11.2 Gray's page #1326 11.3 Gray's page #1327 11.4 Gray's page #1328 11.5 Gray's page #1329 11.6 Gray's page #1330 11.7 Gray's page #1331 12 Surface markings of the upper extremity (Gray's s290) 12.1 Gray's page #1331 12.2 Gray's page #1332 12.3 Gray's page #1333 12.4 Gray's page #1334 12.5 Gray's page #1335 12.6 Gray's page #1336 13 Surface anatomy of the lower extremity (Gray's s291) 13.1 Gray's page #1336 13.2 Gray's page #1337 13.3 Gray's page #1338 13.4 Gray's page #1339 13.5 Gray's page #1340 13.6 Gray's page #1341 13.7 Gray's page #1342 14 Surface markings of the lower extremity (Gray's s292) 14.1 Gray's page #1342 14.2 Gray's page #1345 14.3 Gray's page #1346 15 See also

Surface anatomy of the head and neck (Gray's s279)

Gray's page #1287

• Bones
  • external occipital protuberance
  • superior nuchal line
  • median nuchal crest
  • mastoid process

Gray's page #1288

• Bones
  • transverse process of the atlas
  • zygomatic arch
  • superior temporal line
  • parietal eminences
  • frontal eminences
  • superciliary arches
  • glabella
  • nasion (frontonasal suture)
  • nasal bones
  • orbital margin
  • supraorbital notch
  • zygomatic bone
  • zygomatic tubercle
  • zygomaticofrontal suture
  • mandible
  • hyoid bone

• Joints and Muscles
  • temporomandibular articulation

Gray's page #1289

• Joints and Muscles
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Procerus
  • labial muscles
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Platysma
  • Sternocleidomastoideus

Gray's page #1290

• Joints and Muscles
  • Sternohyoideus
  • Sternothyreoideus
  • Digastricus
  • Trapezius
  • supraclavicular fossa
  • Omohyoideus

• Arteries
  • subclavian artery
  • transverse cervical
  • common and external carotid arteries
  • external maxillary artery
  • occipital artery
  • posterior auricular
  • superficial temporal artery
  • supraorbital artery

Surface markings of special regions of the head and neck (Gray's s280)

Gray's page #1291

• Preauricular lymph glands: point
• bones of cranium
• Reid's base line

Gray's page #1292

• Brain
• brain
• cerebellum
• cerebral hemisphere

Gray's page #1293

• fissures of brain

Gray's page #1294

• Face
• Meningeal artery
• maxillary artery
• frontal sinus
• ventricle of brain
• maxillary sinus
• middle meningeal artery
• transverse sinus

Gray's page #1295

• Parotid duct
• parotid duct
• gland
• trigeminal nerve
• Trigeminal impression

Gray's page #1296

• nose
• mouth
  • philtrum
  • frenulum

Gray's page #1297

• palatine arches
• tongue

Gray's page #1298

• tonsil

Gray's page #1299

• Eyelids
• caruncula lacrimalis
• eye
• lacrimal puncta
• sac
• larynx
• nasal part of pharynx
• nasolacrimal duct
• palpebral fissure
• plica semilunaris
• pupil

Gray's page #1300

• ear
• membrane

Gray's page #1301

• Larynx
• hyoid bone
• neck
• trachea
• tympanic antrum

Gray's page #1302

• Carotid arch
• Carotid arch
• common carotid artery
• external carotid artery

Surface anatomy of the back (Gray's s281)

Gray's page #1303

• Subclavian arteries: marking of:
• accessory nerve
• back
• plexus
• cervical cutaneous nerve
• facial nerve
• great auricular nerve
• veins
• lesser occipital nerve
• phrenic nerve
• subclavian artery
• submaxillary gland
• supraclavicular nerves
• vertebral column

Surface markings of the back (Gray's s282)

Gray's page #1305

• Vertebral arch: surface form of:

Gray's page #1306

• medulla spinalis
• subdural and subarachnoid cavities

Surface anatomy of the thorax (Gray's s283)

Gray's page #1307

• Bones
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • jugular notch
  • sternal angle
  • infrasternal notch
  • xiphoid process

• Muscles
  • triangle of ausculation

• Mamma
  • mammary papilla

Surface markings of the thorax (Gray's s284)

Gray's page #1308

• Bony Landmarks

Gray's page #1309

• Diaphragm

• Surface Lines
  • midsternal line
  • mammary line
  • midclavicular line
  • lateral sternal line
  • parasternal line
  • anterior axillary line
  • posterior axillary line
  • midaxillary line
  • scapular line

• Pleurae

Gray's page #1310

• Lungs
  • anterior borders

Gray's page #1311

• Lungs
  • lower border
  • posterior borders
  • oblique fissure
  • horizontal fissure

• Trachea

• Esophagus

• Heart
  • coronary sulcus
  • anterior longitudinal sulcus
  • pulmonary orifice
  • aortic orifice
  • left atrioventricular opening
  • right atrioventricular opening

Gray's page #1312

• Arteries
  • ascending aorta
  • aortic arch
  • innominate artery
  • left common carotid artery
  • internal mammary artery

• Veins
  • right innominate vein
  • left innominate vein
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava

Surface anatomy of the abdomen (Gray's s285)

Gray's page #1313

• Skin
  • iliac furrow
  • fold of the groin
  • striae gravidarum or striae albicantes
  • linea nigra

• Bones

• Muscles
  • Obliquus externus
  • lumbar triangle
  • Rectus abdominis
  • linea semilunaris
  • tendinous inscriptions

• Vessels
  • abdominal aorta

• Viscera
  • digestive tube

Gray's page #1314

• Viscera
  • liver

Gray's page #1315

• Viscera
  • pancreas
  • kidneys

Surface markings of the abdomen (Gray's s286)

Gray's page #1315

• Muscles
  • Rectus
  • Obliquus externus
  • umbilicus
  • subcutaneous inguinal ring
  • abdominal inguinal ring
  • inguinal canal

• surface lines
  • transpyloric line
  • transtubercular line

Gray's page #1316

• surface lines
  • zones
    • subcostal zone
    • umbilical zone
    • hypogastric zone
  • regions
    • epigastric region
    • right and left hypochondriac region
    • umbilical region
    • right and left lumbar region
    • hypogastric region or pubic region
    • right and left iliac region or inguinal region

Gray's page #1317

• stomach

Gray's page #1319

• stomach
  • space of Traube

• Duodenum

• Small intestine
  • ileocolic junction

• Cecum and Vermiform Process
  • cecum
  • vermiform process

• Ascending colon
  • right colic flexure

• Transverse colon

Gray's page #1320

• Descending colon
  • left colic flexure
• Iliac colon
• Liver
  • gall-bladder
• Pancreas
• Spleen
• Kidneys

Gray's page #1321

• Ureters

• Vessels
  • inferior epigastric artery
  • Hesselbach's triangle
  • abdominal aorta

Gray's page #1322

• Vessels
  • common iliac artery
  • external iliac artery
  • celiac artery
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • renal arteries
  • inferior mesenteric artery

Surface anatomy of the perineum (Gray's s287)

Surface markings of the perineum (Gray's s288)

Gray's page #1322

• Rectum and Anal Canal

Gray's page #1323

• Male Urogenital Organs
  • corpora cavernosa penis
  • glans penis
  • scrotum
  • testis
  • epididymis
  • spermatic cord
  • trigone
  • torus uretericus
  • plicae uretericae
  • ureters
  • urethra
• Female Urogenital Organs
  • pudendal cleft
  • vagina
  • urethra
  • hymen
  • fossa navicularis
  • greater vestibular gland (Bartholin’s)

Gray's page #1325

• Female Urogenital Organs
  • anal canal
  • rectum
  • rectouterine excavation
  • vaginal fornices
  • cervix
  • body of the uterus
  • uterine tubes
  • ovaries
  • vestibule
  • glans
  • prepuce of the clitoris
  • mons pubis

Surface anatomy of the upper extremity (Gray's s289)

Gray's page #1325

• Skin

Gray's page #1326

• Bones
  • clavicle
  • scapula
  • humerus
  • ulna

Gray's page #1327

• bones
  • radius
  • navicular
  • greater multangular
  • pisiform
  • hamate bone
  • triangular bone
  • metacarpal bones
  • phalanges

Gray's page #1328

• Articulations
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • shoulder-joint
  • elbow-joint
  • radiohumeral joint
  • proximal radioulnar joint
  • distal radioulnar joint
  • wrist-joint
  • midcarpal articulation
  • metacarpophalangeal joint
  • interphalangeal joint
• Muscles
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior

Gray's page #1329

• Muscles
  • Deltoideus
  • Teres major
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii

Gray's page #1330

• Muscles
  • Brachialis
  • Triceps brachii
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor digitorum sublimis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensores carpi radiales longus and brevis
  • Extensor digitorum communis, Extensor digiti quinti proprius, and the Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Brachioradialis
  • Anconæus
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis

Gray's page #1331

• Muscles
  • Palmaris brevis
  • Interossei dorsales
• Arteries
  • subclavian artery
  • axillary artery
  • brachial artery
  • radial artery
• Veins
• Nerves
  • brachial plexus
  • ulnar nerve

Surface markings of the upper extremity (Gray's s290)

Gray's page #1331

• Bony Landmarks
• Articulations
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • elbow-joint
  • wrist-joint

Gray's page #1332

• Muscles
  • Trapezius

Gray's page #1333

• Muscles
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor

Gray's page #1334

• anticubital fossa
• Mucous Sheaths
• Arteries
  • axillary artery
  • thoracoacromial artery
  • lateral thoracic artery
  • subscapular artery

Gray's page #1335

• Arteries
  • scapular circumflex artery
  • humeral circumflex artery
  • brachial artery
  • profunda artery
  • nutrient artery
  • superior ulnar collateral artery
  • inferior ulnar collateral artery
  • radial artery
  • ulnar artery
  • superficial volar arch
  • deep volar arch

• Nerves
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve

Gray's page #1336

• Nerves
  • radial nerve
  • superficial radial nerve
  • axillary nerve

Surface anatomy of the lower extremity (Gray's s291)

Gray's page #1336

• Skin
  • gluteal fold

• Bones
  • hip bones
  • femur

Gray's page #1337

• Bones
  • patella
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • first metatarsal bone
  • fifth metatarsal bone
  • metatarsal bones

Gray's page #1338

• Bones
  • phalanges

• Articulations
  • hip-joint
  • knee-joint
  • ankle-joint

• Muscles
  • Tensor fasciæ latæ
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Adductor longus

Gray's page #1339

• Muscles
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Glutæus maximus
  • Biceps femoris

Gray's page #1340

• Muscles
  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Peronæus longus
  • Peronæus brevis
  • Extensor digitorum brevis
  • Interossei dorsales
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Abductor digiti quinti
  • Abductor hallucis

Gray's page #1341

• Muscles
  • Flexor digitorum brevis

• Arteries
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis

Gray's page #1342

• Arteries
  • posterior tibial artery

• Veins

• Nerves
  • common peroneal nerve

Surface markings of the lower extremity (Gray's s292)

Gray's page #1342

• Bony Landmarks
  • Nélaton's line

Gray's page #1345

• Bony Landmarks
  • Bryant's triangle
    • Dislocation of hip

• Articulations
  • sacroiliac articulations
  • knee-joint
  • ankle-joint
  • talonavicular joint
  • calcaneocuboid joint
  • talonavicular joint
  • fifth tarsometatarsal joint
  • fourth and third tarsometatarsal joints
  • first tarsometatarsal joint
  • second tarsometatarsal joint
  • metatarsophalangeal joints

• Muscles
  • femoral triangle
  • adductor canal
  • popliteal fossa

• Mucous Sheaths
• arteries
  • superior gluteal artery
  • inferior gluteal artery and internal pudendal artery

Gray's page #1346

• arteries
  • femoral artery
  • profunda femoris
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • peroneal artery
  • medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
  • plantar arch

• Veins
  • great saphenous vein
  • small saphenous vein

• Nerves
  • sciatic nerve
  • tibial nerve
  • common peroneal nerve
  • deep peroneal nerve
  • tibial nerve

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy
• List of images in Gray's Anatomy: XII. Surface anatomy and Surface Markings

Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Trunk Chest (Breast) · Abdomen (Navel) · Back · Pelvis (Sex organs) Limbs Upper limb Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg) Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Long  • Third  • Fourth  • Fifth) · Sole General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

Anatomical planes and lines (TA A01.2.00, GA 12.1309) Sagittal plane Median plane front (Anterior median line/Midsternal line, Parasternal line, Midclavicular line, Anterior axillary line, Midaxillary line) back (Posterior median line, Scapular line, Posterior axillary line) Transverse plane Thoracic plane · Transpyloric plane · Subcostal plane · Umbilical plane · Intertubercular plane · Interspinous plane · uterine plane · enterocolicosigmoid plane Coronal/frontal plane Midcoronal plane · Sternal plane  · nasal plane General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

Superficial axial anatomy and general regions (TA A01.2.01–06, GA 12.1287) Head Nasolabial fold Neck Triangles: Anterior of the neck (Muscular, Carotid, Submandibular, Submental) · Posterior of the neck (Occipital, Subclavian) · Suboccipital Supraclavicular fossa Thorax Triangle of auscultation · axillary folds (Anterior, Posterior) · Clavipectoral triangle · Inframammary fold Infraclavicular fossa Abdomen/pelvis regions (Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Umbilical region, Latus, Hypogastrium, Inguinal region) quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ) Lap · Lumbar triangle McBurney's point · Desjardins' point · Traube's space Perineal Anal triangle · Urogenital triangle General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

Superficial anatomy and general regions of limbs (TA A01.2.07–08, GA 12.1325) Upper limb Cubital fossa · Anatomical snuff box Lower limb Buttocks : Gluteal sulcus · Intergluteal cleft Femoral triangle Popliteal fossa Lap General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs